This latest annual listing of Europe’s leading patent law firms is based on recommendations by clients and peers, as compiled by the FT’s research partner Statista.

A total of 208 recommended firms offering the services of patent attorneys feature in the overall list, sorted in alphabetical order in the main table below (use the arrow buttons at the top of the columns to sort by name or country).

Firms that were especially recommended for their services in six areas of industrial expertise — Biotechnology, Food & Healthcare; Chemistry & Pharmacy; Electrical Engineering & Physics; IT & Software; Materials & Nanotechnology; and Mechanical Engineering — have been included in separate sector lists (below the main table). These firms are ranked in three classes: gold (very frequently recommended); silver (frequently recommended); and bronze (recommended).

Scroll below the tables for the full methodology.

Europe’s Leading Patent Law Firms
Patent Law FirmCountry of Origin
2K PatentGermany
2SPLGermany
A.P.I. ConseilFrance
AA ThorntonUnited Kingdom
AAA-PatentGermany
Abel + ImrayUnited Kingdom
ABG Intellectual PropertySpain
ADFrance
aeraDenmark
Albright IPUnited Kingdom
Andrea | SommerGermany
AOMBNetherlands
AOMB PolskaPoland
Appleyard LeesUnited Kingdom
Arnold & SiedsmaNetherlands
AWASweden
BalderSpain
Bandpay & GreuterFrance
Bardehle PagenbergGermany
Barker BrettellUnited Kingdom
Barzanò & ZanardoItaly
Bauer | Vorberg | KayserGermany
BDPEGermany
Becker & AssociésFrance
BerggrenFinland
BESTPATENTGermany
Bird & BirdUnited Kingdom
Bodensee PatentGermany
BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTGermany
Botti & FerrariItaly
Boult Wade TennantUnited Kingdom
BrannSweden
BrantsandpatentsBelgium
BrinkhofNetherlands
Budde SchouDenmark
BugnionItaly
Buzzi, Notaro & Antonielli d’OulxItaly
Cabinet Beau de LoménieFrance
Carpmaels & RansfordUnited Kingdom
CasalongaFrance
ClarkeModetSpain
CMSGermany
Cohausz & FlorackGermany
COPA Copenhagen PatentsDenmark
Curell SuñolSpain
D Young & CoUnited Kingdom
DANTZ IP & LAWGermany
Daub Patent & RechtGermany
Davepon-ipGermany
De Clercq & PartnersBelgium
De Simone & PartnersItaly
De Vries & MetmanNetherlands
DehnsUnited Kingdom
df-mpGermany
Dilg Haeusler SchindelmannGermany
dompatentGermany
Dr. Bakuri LanchavaGermany
DREISS PatentanwälteGermany
Durán-CorretjerSpain
EIPUnited Kingdom
Eisenführ SpeiserGermany
ElionSpain
Elkington + FifeUnited Kingdom
ElzaburuSpain
EP&CNetherlands
Epping Hermann FischerGermany
Fert, Jakubiak vel Wojtczak, WróblewskiPoland
FGGH IPPoland
FinneganUnited Kingdom
ForrestersUnited Kingdom
Fuchs PatentanwälteGermany
Germain MaureauFrance
GeversBelgium
GJEUnited Kingdom
Glawe Delfs MollGermany
GLPItaly
Gramm, Lins & PartnerGermany
Grosset-Fournier & DemachyFrance
Grund IP GroupGermany
GrüneckerGermany
Guardian IP ConsultingDenmark
Gulde & PartnerGermany
H&ASpain
Hamm & WittkoppGermany
Håmsø PatentbyråNorway
HansepatentGermany
HarberCzech Republic
HEESCHEN.PÜLTZGermany
Hertin & PartnerGermany
Herzog IPGermany
HEYERHOFF GEIGERGermany
HGFUnited Kingdom
HLKUnited Kingdom
Hoefer & PartnerGermany
Hoffmann EitleGermany
Hofstetter, Schurack & PartnerGermany
HØIBERGDenmark
Horn Kleimann WaitzhoferGermany
Hoyng Rokh MonegierNetherlands
Icosa — European Patent & Trade Mark AttorneysFrance
IK-IPUnited Kingdom
Impact Intellectual PropertyUnited Kingdom
InspicosDenmark
IP SextantItaly
IpsideFrance
isarpatentGermany
Isenbruck Bösl Hörschler — PatentanwälteGermany
Isler & PedrazziniSwitzerland
J A KempUnited Kingdom
J. Pereira da CruzPortugal
Jacobacci & PartnersItaly
K2United Kingdom
karo IPGermany
Keil & SchaafhausenGermany
Keller SchneiderGermany
KeltieUnited Kingdom
Kilburn & StrodeUnited Kingdom
Kohler Schmid MöbusGermany
König Szynka Tilmann von RenesseGermany
Kransell & WennborgSweden
Kraus & LedererGermany
Kroher StrobelGermany
LavoixFrance
LIPPERT STACHOWGermany
LKGLOBALGermany
LLR Intellectual PropertyFrance
LSG — Lorenz Seidler GosselGermany
M. Zardi & Co.Switzerland
Maccalli & PezzoliItaly
Maikowski & NinnemannGermany
MaiwaldGermany
Manitz FinsterwaldGermany
Marietti, Gislon e TrupianoItaly
Marks & ClerkUnited Kingdom
Mathys & SquireUnited Kingdom
Meissner BolteGermany
MERH IP — Matias Erny Reichl HoffmannGermany
Mewburn EllisUnited Kingdom
MFG PatentanwälteGermany
MHPGermany
Michalski · Hüttermann & PartnerGermany
Mikijelj Janković & BogdanovićSerbia
MitscherlichGermany
Modiano & PartnersItaly
Müller Schupfner & PartnerGermany
Müller-Boré & PartnerGermany
MurgitroydUnited Kingdom
NLONetherlands
OXON ipNetherlands
Page White FarrerUnited Kingdom
Patendibüroo UstervallEstonia
PatentreePortugal
Pecher & PartnersBelgium
PELSTER BEHRENDS PatentanwälteGermany
Plasseraud IPFrance
Plougmann VingtoftDenmark
Polservice Patent and Trademark Attorneys OfficePoland
PONS IPSpain
Potter ClarksonUnited Kingdom
Prinz & PartnerGermany
Prüfer & PartnerGermany
Puchberger & PartnerAustria
Reddie & GroseUnited Kingdom
REDL Life Science Patent AttorneysAustria
RegimbeauFrance
Reitstötter KinzebachGermany
Roche, von Westernhagen & EhresmannGermany
Ruff, Wilhelm, Beier, Dauster & PartnerGermany
Sagittarius IPUnited Kingdom
Samson & PartnerGermany
Schiweck Weinzierl KochGermany
SchlichUnited Kingdom
Schwarz & Partner PatentanwälteAustria
Simmons & SimmonsUnited Kingdom
Sirius IPUnited Kingdom
SKM-IPGermany
Slingsby PartnersUnited Kingdom
Società Italiana BrevettiItaly
Sonn PatentanwälteAustria
SR HuebnerGermany
SSMGermany
Stolmár & Partner — Intellectual PropertyGermany
Ström & GullikssonSweden
Studio TortaItaly
TBKGermany
Ter Meer Steinmeister & PartnerGermany
Uexküll & StolbergGermany
UNGRIASpain
V.O. Patents & TrademarksNetherlands
Venner ShipleyUnited Kingdom
Viering, Jentschura & PartnerGermany
VOSSIUSGermany
Vriesendorp & GaadeNetherlands
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter TostmannGermany
Weickmann & WeickmannGermany
Westphal, Mussgnug & PartnerGermany
Winter, Brandl — Partnerschaft mbBGermany
Withers & RogersUnited Kingdom
WITTEWELLERGermany
WP ThompsonUnited Kingdom
WTS Patent Attorneys Witek, Śnieżko and PartnersPoland
Wuesthoff & WuesthoffGermany
Wynne-Jones IPUnited Kingdom
ZaccoDenmark
ZBM Patents & TrademarksSpain
ZENZGermany
Zimmermann & PartnerGermany
ZSP PatentanwälteGermany

Biotechnology, Food & Healthcare
Patent Law FirmCountry of OriginRating
ABG Intellectual PropertySpainGold
Carpmaels & RansfordUnited KingdomGold
CMSGermanyGold
EIPUnited KingdomGold
GJEUnited KingdomGold
GLPItalyGold
HGFUnited KingdomGold
Hoffmann EitleGermanyGold
J A KempUnited KingdomGold
KeltieUnited KingdomGold
Kilburn & StrodeUnited KingdomGold
MaiwaldGermanyGold
Mewburn EllisUnited KingdomGold
MurgitroydUnited KingdomGold
PatentreePortugalGold
Sagittarius IPUnited KingdomGold
VOSSIUSGermanyGold
WTS Patent Attorneys Witek, Śnieżko and PartnersPolandGold
De Clercq & PartnersBelgiumSilver
ForrestersUnited KingdomSilver
H&ASpainSilver
Potter ClarksonUnited KingdomSilver
ZBM Patents & TrademarksSpainSilver
aeraDenmarkBronze
AOMBNetherlandsBronze
AWASwedenBronze
Bardehle PagenbergGermanyBronze
Barker BrettellUnited KingdomBronze
Becker & AssociésFranceBronze
Bird & BirdUnited KingdomBronze
BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTGermanyBronze
Boult Wade TennantUnited KingdomBronze
Buzzi, Notaro & Antonielli d’OulxItalyBronze
Cohausz & FlorackGermanyBronze
D Young & CoUnited KingdomBronze
df-mpGermanyBronze
dompatentGermanyBronze
Durán-CorretjerSpainBronze
Eisenführ SpeiserGermanyBronze
Elkington + FifeUnited KingdomBronze
FGGH IPPolandBronze
Germain MaureauFranceBronze
Grund IP GroupGermanyBronze
GrüneckerGermanyBronze
Håmsø PatentbyråNorwayBronze
HansepatentGermanyBronze
HLKUnited KingdomBronze
HØIBERGDenmarkBronze
Impact Intellectual PropertyUnited KingdomBronze
König Szynka Tilmann von RenesseGermanyBronze
LLR Intellectual PropertyFranceBronze
Marks & ClerkUnited KingdomBronze
Mathys & SquireUnited KingdomBronze
OXON ipNetherlandsBronze
Plasseraud IPFranceBronze
Prinz & PartnerGermanyBronze
Reddie & GroseUnited KingdomBronze
REDL Life Science Patent AttorneysAustriaBronze
Schiweck Weinzierl KochGermanyBronze
SchlichUnited KingdomBronze
Simmons & SimmonsUnited KingdomBronze
UNGRIASpainBronze
V.O. Patents & TrademarksNetherlandsBronze
Venner ShipleyUnited KingdomBronze
Wynne-Jones IPUnited KingdomBronze
ZSP PatentanwälteGermanyBronze

Chemistry & Pharmacy
Patent Law FirmCountry of OriginRating
ABG Intellectual PropertySpainGold
Carpmaels & RansfordUnited KingdomGold
EIPUnited KingdomGold
GJEUnited KingdomGold
HGFUnited KingdomGold
Hoffmann EitleGermanyGold
J A KempUnited KingdomGold
MaiwaldGermanyGold
MurgitroydUnited KingdomGold
PatentreePortugalGold
Sagittarius IPUnited KingdomGold
VOSSIUSGermanyGold
ZBM Patents & TrademarksSpainGold
AWASwedenSilver
BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTGermanySilver
CMSGermanySilver
Cohausz & FlorackGermanySilver
dompatentGermanySilver
GLPItalySilver
H&ASpainSilver
HLKUnited KingdomSilver
KeltieUnited KingdomSilver
KRAUS & LEDERERGermanySilver
Meissner BolteGermanySilver
Mewburn EllisUnited KingdomSilver
Potter ClarksonUnited KingdomSilver
Prinz & PartnerGermanySilver
Ter Meer Steinmeister & PartnerGermanySilver
WTS Patent Attorneys Witek, Śnieżko and PartnersPolandSilver
Abel + ImrayUnited KingdomBronze
aeraDenmarkBronze
AOMBNetherlandsBronze
BalderSpainBronze
Barker BrettellUnited KingdomBronze
Becker & AssociésFranceBronze
Bird & BirdUnited KingdomBronze
Boult Wade TennantUnited KingdomBronze
D Young & CoUnited KingdomBronze
Davepon-ipGermanyBronze
De Clercq & PartnersBelgiumBronze
df-mpGermanyBronze
Durán-CorretjerSpainBronze
Eisenführ SpeiserGermanyBronze
Elkington + FifeUnited KingdomBronze
FGGH IPPolandBronze
ForrestersUnited KingdomBronze
Germain MaureauFranceBronze
GrüneckerGermanyBronze
Hamm & WittkoppGermanyBronze
Håmsø PatentbyråNorwayBronze
HansepatentGermanyBronze
HarberCzech RepublicBronze
HØIBERGDenmarkBronze
Hoyng Rokh MonegierNetherlandsBronze
Isenbruck Bösl Hörschler — PatentanwälteGermanyBronze
Kilburn & StrodeUnited KingdomBronze
König Szynka Tilmann von RenesseGermanyBronze
LIPPERT STACHOWGermanyBronze
LLR Intellectual PropertyFranceBronze
M. Zardi & Co.SwitzerlandBronze
Marks & ClerkUnited KingdomBronze
Mathys & SquireUnited KingdomBronze
Michalski · Hüttermann & PartnerGermanyBronze
NLONetherlandsBronze
OXON ipNetherlandsBronze
PELSTER BEHRENDS PatentanwälteGermanyBronze
Plasseraud IPFranceBronze
RegimbeauFranceBronze
Schiweck Weinzierl KochGermanyBronze
SchlichUnited KingdomBronze
UNGRIASpainBronze
V.O. Patents & TrademarksNetherlandsBronze
Venner ShipleyUnited KingdomBronze
Weickmann & WeickmannGermanyBronze
Wynne-Jones IPUnited KingdomBronze

Electrical Engineering & Physics
Patent Law FirmCountry of OriginRating
2SPLGermanyGold
ABG Intellectual PropertySpainGold
Buzzi, Notaro & Antonielli d’OulxItalyGold
EIPUnited KingdomGold
GJEUnited KingdomGold
GLPItalyGold
H&ASpainGold
HGFUnited KingdomGold
J A KempUnited KingdomGold
KeltieUnited KingdomGold
LIPPERT STACHOWGermanyGold
MurgitroydUnited KingdomGold
PatentreePortugalGold
Prinz & PartnerGermanyGold
AOMBNetherlandsSilver
Bardehle PagenbergGermanySilver
Daub Patent & RechtGermanySilver
Durán-CorretjerSpainSilver
Germain MaureauFranceSilver
GrüneckerGermanySilver
Håmsø PatentbyråNorwaySilver
HLKUnited KingdomSilver
Hoffmann EitleGermanySilver
Meissner BolteGermanySilver
Venner ShipleyUnited KingdomSilver
Wynne-Jones IPUnited KingdomSilver
ZaccoDenmarkSilver
Zimmermann & PartnerGermanySilver
Albright IPUnited KingdomBronze
AOMB PolskaPolandBronze
Appleyard LeesUnited KingdomBronze
AWASwedenBronze
Bauer | Vorberg | KayserGermanyBronze
BDPEGermanyBronze
Bird & BirdUnited KingdomBronze
Bodensee PatentGermanyBronze
BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTGermanyBronze
Botti & FerrariItalyBronze
Boult Wade TennantUnited KingdomBronze
CMSGermanyBronze
Cohausz & FlorackGermanyBronze
D Young & CoUnited KingdomBronze
df-mpGermanyBronze
Dilg Haeusler SchindelmannGermanyBronze
DREISS PatentanwälteGermanyBronze
ElzaburuSpainBronze
ForrestersUnited KingdomBronze
Guardian IP ConsultingDenmarkBronze
Gulde & PartnerGermanyBronze
Hofstetter, Schurack & PartnerGermanyBronze
Kilburn & StrodeUnited KingdomBronze
Kransell & WennborgSwedenBronze
LLR Intellectual PropertyFranceBronze
Maikowski & NinnemannGermanyBronze
MaiwaldGermanyBronze
Marietti, Gislon e TrupianoItalyBronze
Marks & ClerkUnited KingdomBronze
Mathys & SquireUnited KingdomBronze
MitscherlichGermanyBronze
Müller-Boré & PartnerGermanyBronze
Reddie & GroseUnited KingdomBronze
Samson & PartnerGermanyBronze
Slingsby PartnersUnited KingdomBronze
SSMGermanyBronze
Ström & GullikssonSwedenBronze
Studio TortaItalyBronze
UNGRIASpainBronze
VOSSIUSGermanyBronze
Westphal, Mussgnug & PartnerGermanyBronze
Withers & RogersUnited KingdomBronze
WITTEWELLERGermanyBronze
WTS Patent Attorneys Witek, Śnieżko and PartnersPolandBronze
ZBM Patents & TrademarksSpainBronze

IT & Software
Patent Law FirmCountry of OriginRating
2SPLGermanyGold
Bardehle PagenbergGermanyGold
EIPUnited KingdomGold
GJEUnited KingdomGold
GLPItalyGold
HGFUnited KingdomGold
KeltieUnited KingdomGold
MurgitroydUnited KingdomGold
PatentreePortugalGold
ABG Intellectual PropertySpainSilver
CMSGermanySilver
Daub Patent & RechtGermanySilver
H&ASpainSilver
HLKUnited KingdomSilver
J A KempUnited KingdomSilver
Kilburn & StrodeUnited KingdomSilver
LIPPERT STACHOWGermanySilver
Venner ShipleyUnited KingdomSilver
AOMBNetherlandsBronze
Appleyard LeesUnited KingdomBronze
AWASwedenBronze
BESTPATENTGermanyBronze
BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTGermanyBronze
Boult Wade TennantUnited KingdomBronze
Buzzi, Notaro & Antonielli d’OulxItalyBronze
D Young & CoUnited KingdomBronze
df-mpGermanyBronze
Durán-CorretjerSpainBronze
ForrestersUnited KingdomBronze
Germain MaureauFranceBronze
GrüneckerGermanyBronze
Håmsø PatentbyråNorwayBronze
Hoffmann EitleGermanyBronze
karo IPGermanyBronze
LLR Intellectual PropertyFranceBronze
MaiwaldGermanyBronze
Marks & ClerkUnited KingdomBronze
Mathys & SquireUnited KingdomBronze
Meissner BolteGermanyBronze
Plasseraud IPFranceBronze
Prinz & PartnerGermanyBronze
Samson & PartnerGermanyBronze
SSMGermanyBronze
Ström & GullikssonSwedenBronze
UNGRIASpainBronze
VOSSIUSGermanyBronze
Withers & RogersUnited KingdomBronze
Wynne-Jones IPUnited KingdomBronze
ZaccoDenmarkBronze
ZBM Patents & TrademarksSpainBronze

Materials & Nano Technology
Patent Law FirmCountry of OriginRating
ABG Intellectual PropertySpainGold
EIPUnited KingdomGold
GJEUnited KingdomGold
GLPItalyGold
HGFUnited KingdomGold
LIPPERT STACHOWGermanyGold
PatentreePortugalGold
AAA-PatentGermanySilver
Buzzi, Notaro & Antonielli d’OulxItalySilver
Germain MaureauFranceSilver
Håmsø PatentbyråNorwaySilver
HLKUnited KingdomSilver
KeltieUnited KingdomSilver
Prinz & PartnerGermanySilver
VOSSIUSGermanySilver
Wynne-Jones IPUnited KingdomSilver
ZBM Patents & TrademarksSpainSilver
2SPLGermanyBronze
AOMBNetherlandsBronze
AWASwedenBronze
BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTGermanyBronze
Boult Wade TennantUnited KingdomBronze
Daub Patent & RechtGermanyBronze
Eisenführ SpeiserGermanyBronze
ForrestersUnited KingdomBronze
Hoffmann EitleGermanyBronze
J A KempUnited KingdomBronze
Kilburn & StrodeUnited KingdomBronze
LLR Intellectual PropertyFranceBronze
MaiwaldGermanyBronze
Marks & ClerkUnited KingdomBronze
Meissner BolteGermanyBronze
MurgitroydUnited KingdomBronze
Pecher & PartnersBelgiumBronze
Potter ClarksonUnited KingdomBronze
SR HuebnerGermanyBronze
UNGRIASpainBronze
V.O. Patents & TrademarksNetherlandsBronze
Venner ShipleyUnited KingdomBronze
ZaccoDenmarkBronze
Zimmermann & PartnerGermanyBronze

Mechanical Engineering
Patent Law FirmCountry of OriginRating
2SPLGermanyGold
ABG Intellectual PropertySpainGold
Bardehle PagenbergGermanyGold
Daub Patent & RechtGermanyGold
EIPUnited KingdomGold
ForrestersUnited KingdomGold
GJEUnited KingdomGold
GLPItalyGold
GrüneckerGermanyGold
H&ASpainGold
HGFUnited KingdomGold
KeltieUnited KingdomGold
LIPPERT STACHOWGermanyGold
MurgitroydUnited KingdomGold
PatentreePortugalGold
Prinz & PartnerGermanyGold
AOMBNetherlandsSilver
AWASwedenSilver
Durán-CorretjerSpainSilver
Eisenführ SpeiserGermanySilver
ElzaburuSpainSilver
Germain MaureauFranceSilver
Håmsø PatentbyråNorwaySilver
HEESCHEN.PÜLTZGermanySilver
HLKUnited KingdomSilver
Hoffmann EitleGermanySilver
J A KempUnited KingdomSilver
karo IPGermanySilver
LLR Intellectual PropertyFranceSilver
Meissner BolteGermanySilver
Müller-Boré & PartnerGermanySilver
Puchberger & PartnerAustriaSilver
UNGRIASpainSilver
Venner ShipleyUnited KingdomSilver
Withers & RogersUnited KingdomSilver
ZBM Patents & TrademarksSpainSilver
AOMB PolskaPolandBronze
BalderSpainBronze
Barker BrettellUnited KingdomBronze
Bauer | Vorberg | KayserGermanyBronze
Bird & BirdUnited KingdomBronze
BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTGermanyBronze
Botti & FerrariItalyBronze
Boult Wade TennantUnited KingdomBronze
Buzzi, Notaro & Antonielli d’OulxItalyBronze
Cabinet Beau de LoménieFranceBronze
CasalongaFranceBronze
D Young & CoUnited KingdomBronze
De Vries & MetmanNetherlandsBronze
DehnsUnited KingdomBronze
Dilg Haeusler SchindelmannGermanyBronze
DREISS PatentanwälteGermanyBronze
Hoyng Rokh MonegierNetherlandsBronze
InspicosDenmarkBronze
Jacobacci & PartnersItalyBronze
Keil & SchaafhausenGermanyBronze
Kilburn & StrodeUnited KingdomBronze
Kransell & WennborgSwedenBronze
LavoixFranceBronze
LKGLOBALGermanyBronze
LSG — Lorenz Seidler GosselGermanyBronze
MaiwaldGermanyBronze
Mathys & SquireUnited KingdomBronze
MitscherlichGermanyBronze
PELSTER BEHRENDS PatentanwälteGermanyBronze
Plasseraud IPFranceBronze
Plougmann VingtoftDenmarkBronze
Potter ClarksonUnited KingdomBronze
Reddie & GroseUnited KingdomBronze
RegimbeauFranceBronze
Sirius IPUnited KingdomBronze
SSMGermanyBronze
Ström & GullikssonSwedenBronze
Studio TortaItalyBronze
VOSSIUSGermanyBronze
Vriesendorp & GaadeNetherlandsBronze
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter TostmannGermanyBronze
Weickmann & WeickmannGermanyBronze
WTS Patent Attorneys Witek, Śnieżko and PartnersPolandBronze
Wynne-Jones IPUnited KingdomBronze
ZaccoDenmarkBronze
ZENZGermanyBronze
Zimmermann & PartnerGermanyBronze

Methodology

The lists are composed of the most recommended patent law firms for services around patent prosecution and patent strategy consultation in Europe.

They are based on an online survey of patent attorneys working in patent law firms and as experts in the patent departments of companies (peer-to-peer survey); and clients who have consulted with or commissioned a patent law firm.

Survey and sample

More than 10,000 patent attorneys and clients were invited to take part in the survey. The sample was collected via research conducted by Statista on company websites, in publications, and from the Institute of Professional Representatives before the European Patent Office, the professional body representing European patent attorneys. Patent attorneys and clients could also participate via a link on FT.com.

Participants could recommend patent law firms in general, as well as firms specialising in six selected sectors: Chemistry & Pharmacy; Electrical Engineering & Physics; Mechanical Engineering; Biotechnology, Food & Healthcare; Materials & Nanotechnology; IT & Software.

The survey was conducted between February 8 and March 24, 2024.

Self-recommendations and attempts to participate multiple times were prohibited and not taken into consideration.

Top lists

Firms are selected based on the number of recommendations. In total, 208 firms made it into the overall top list.

Firms that were highly recommended for their services in one of the six selected sectors were ranked in three classes: gold (very frequently recommended); silver (frequently recommended); and bronze (recommended).

All lists were created through a complex process. However, the quality of firms that are not included is not disputed.

Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2024. All rights reserved.
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